A low east–west range divides the altiplano into northern and southern sections. The Mexican Altiplano, stretching from the United States border to the Cordillera Neovolcánica, occupies the vast expanse of land between the eastern and western sierra madres. The median elevation of the Sierra Madre Oriental is 2,200 metres (7,200 ft), with some peaks at 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The northeast coastal plain extends from the eastern slope of the Sierra Madre Oriental to the Gulf of Mexico. As is the case with the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre Oriental comes progressively closer to the coastline as it approaches its southern terminus, reaching to within 75 kilometres (47 mi) of the Gulf of Mexico. state of Texas and continues 1,350 kilometres (840 mi) until reaching Cofre de Perote, one of the major peaks of the Cordillera Neovolcánica. The Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range starts at the Big Bend region of the border with the U.S. The Sierra Madre Occidental averages 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) in elevation, with peaks reaching 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The northwest coastal plain is the name given the lowland area between the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Gulf of California. The Sierra Madre Occidental lies approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) inland from the west coast of Mexico at its northern end but approaches to within fifty kilometers of the coast near the Cordillera Neovolcánica. Physical features Mountain ranges and elevations Mexico rests mostly in the North American Plateīeginning approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the United States border, the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range extends about 1,250 kilometres (780 mi) south to the Río Santiago, where it merges with the Cordillera Neovolcánica range that runs east–west across central Mexico. Indeed, the state capital of Yucatán, Mérida, is farther north than Mexico City or Guadalajara. The landmass of Mexico dramatically narrows as it moves in a southeasterly direction from the United States border and then abruptly curves northward before ending in the 500-kilometer-long Yucatán Peninsula. It extends 200 mi (320 km) nautical miles off each coast. Mexico's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) covers 3,269,386 km 2 (1,262,317 sq mi) and is the 13th largest in the world. Mexico has a 9,330-kilometer coastline, of which 7,338 kilometers face the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, and the remaining 2,805 kilometers front the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. On its south, Mexico shares an 871 kilometer border with Guatemala and a 251-kilometer border with Belize. boundary is jointly administered by the International Boundary and Water Commission. A series of natural and artificial markers delineate the United States-Mexican border west from Ciudad Juárez to the Pacific Ocean. The meandering Río Bravo del Norte (known as the Rio Grande in the United States) defines the border from Ciudad Juárez east to the Gulf of Mexico. On its north, Mexico shares a 5,000-kilometer border with the United States. Mexico's total area covers 1,972,550 square kilometers, including approximately 6,000 square kilometers of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of California. Politically, Mexico is divided into thirty-two states.Īs well as numerous neighbouring islands, Mexican territory includes the more remote Isla Guadalupe and the Islas Revillagigedo in the Pacific. Geopolitically, Mexico is generally not considered part of Central America. Alternatively, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt may be said to delimit the region physiographically on the north. This portion includes Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán, representing 12.1 percent of the country's total area. Some geographers include the portion east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec including the Yucatán Peninsula within North America. Īlmost all of Mexico is on the North American Plate, with small parts of the Baja California Peninsula in the northwest on the Pacific and Cocos Plates. Mexico is the world's 13th largest country, three times the size of Texas. The northernmost constituent of Latin America, it is the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world. Mexico is bounded to the north by the United States (specifically, from west to east, by California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas), to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Gulf of Mexico, and to the southeast by Belize, Guatemala, and the Caribbean Sea. From its farthest land points, Mexico is a little over 3,200 km (2,000 mi) in length. Mexico is located at about 23° N and 102° W in the southern portion of North America. The geography of Mexico describes the geographic features of Mexico, a country in the Americas.
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